Our model applies equally well to groups that form based on the geographical base of their membership. Misinterpreting ethnic conflicts in africa africa center. By contributing to understanding the varied and multiple causes of ethnic conflicts and. The conflict is usually not about ethnic differences themselves but over political, economic, social, cultural, or territorial matters. Download ebook ethnic conflict causes consequences and responsesresponses consequently simple. Finally, we demonstrate how a small but sufficiently potent group of ethnic radicals can derail a peaceful equilibrium, leading to the polarization of the. According to him, conflict is caused by the increase of population in geometrical progression and the. This work examines the nexus between religious and ethnic causes of conflict based on information from the minorities at risk dataset as well as information collected by other studies.
Causes, consequences, and responses karl cordell, stefan wolff on. Conflict situations are inevitable in ones personal life, in organizations or even between nations. An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more contending ethnic groups. Even in the modern world, wars that are ethnically instigated remain to be the greatest basic form of armed wars in different parts of the world brass, 1991. One hundred and forty people died and one hundred thousand people were displaced.
Mar 18, 2018 in consideration of posens analysis on the causes of conflict, the reduction of these insecurities is necessary for ethnic conflict to be avoidable posen 1993, p. In the past, ethnic clash has often been an element of international politics. Volumes on ethnic conflict have proliferated in recent years, with historians. Investigating the causes and consequences of ethnic conflict, the authors argue that the most effective responses are those that take into account factors at the local, state, regional and global level and which avoid seeking simplistic explanations and solutions to what is a truly complex phenomenon. As a rule, people see only the observable aspect of conflict angry words, actions of opposition, etc. Ethnic conflict is a form of conflict in which the goals of at least one party are defined in ethnic terms, and the conflict, its causes, and potential remedies are perceived along ethnic lines horowitz, 1985. Conflicts in the balkans, rwanda, chechnya, iraq, indonesia, sri lanka, india, and darfur, as well as in israel, the west bank, and the gaza strip, are among the bestknown and deadliest examples from the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Such conflicts have existed all over the world for centuries, but in the last 20 years, after the fall of communism, they are in the focus of public attention due to the war in rwanda, the events in eastern europe, and the. Causes, consequences, and responses cordell, karl, wolff, stefan on. In section 3 i investigate how ethnic politics might affect economic performance, deriving predictions from theories of political choice and testing them on global data.
Religion can cause ethnic conflicts when the religious beliefs of an ethnic group are threatened by another group or when religious laws are believed to call for conflictive action. The destabilization of provinces, states, and, in some cases, even. Ethnic conflict is one of the major threats to international peace and security. Routledge handbook of ethnic conflict routledge handbooks online. Since the prehistory of ethnic conflict management is largely forgotten, a digression may be permitted here.
Pdf on jan 1, 2011, jack david eller and others published ethnic conflict. When one groups army enters a city in enemy territory, its soldiers can be pretty condent that the overwhelming. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service summary south sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20, when a political dispute that overlapped with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines turned violent. Uncertainty, each ethnic conflict has its own unique characteristics and, in different contexts, some of these elements will be more prominent than the others, but all of them are the common denominators necessary for ethnic conflict to occur. Dynamics of ethnic conflicts in pakistan the express tribune. But incidence of ethnic violence was different in varying country. Social identification and ethnic conflict american. Literature concerning ethnic conflict generally consists of similar methods and forms of analysis, focusing on ethnic conflict in broad terms and employing large nsize studies. Ethnic conflict, political violence and wars that presently shape many parts of world have deepseated structural causes. Indeed, many conflict scholars find the ethnic distinction baseless.
In poor and highly indebted countries, economic and environmental decline, asset depletion, and erosion of the subsistence base lead to further impoverishment and food insecurity for vast sectors of the population. Sometime conflicts can lead to physical violence and may last long without solution. In consideration of posens analysis on the causes of conflict, the reduction of these insecurities is necessary for ethnic conflict to be avoidable posen 1993, p. The current attention to ethnic conflict contrasts markedly with the approach of previous periods. While the origin while the origin of the conflict may be polit ical, social, economic or religious. Apr 30, 2010 indeed, many conflict scholars find the ethnic distinction baseless. Academic explanations of ethnic conflict generally. Causes of ethnic conflict ethnic conflict has one of the most prominent issues in the country where there are multi ethnic citizen and also become a global concern. Developing country management ethnic conflict by participation and justice policy that the equality is the best way for resolve this problem. However, given its complexities, it should not be assumed that these causes are part of linear historical processes where one event led to another. In developing country incidence were low and in the developing sever. Causes, consequences, responses, by karl cordell and stefan wolff. Causes, consequences, and responses by karl cordell.
By proposing a typology of armed conflict, the study seeks to achieve analytical clarity and contribute to conflict analysis. Contents preface ix part i concepts and analysis 1 1 approaches to understanding conflict 3 the nature of conflict 5 the context of defining conflict 6 sociopsychological dynamics 9 conflict situations 10 intractable conflict 12 constructive versus destructive conflict root causes of conflict 15 levels of analysis 16 overview 18 2 conflict analysis framework 20. Sometimes conflicts are started over resources or ideologies, and sometimes they seem to be started for no reason at all. Ethnic conflict, a form of conflict in which the objectives of at least one party are defined in ethnic terms, and the conflict, its antecedents, and possible solutions are perceived along ethnic lines. Investigating the causes and consequences of ethnic conflict, the authors argue that the most effective responses are those that take into account factors at the local, state, regional and global level and which avoid seeking simplistic explanations and solutions to what is. Political violence, ethnic conflict, and contemporary wars.
This study presents a conceptual framework for understanding the conflict in one of the most dangerous regions of the world the caucasus. Competing theories of ethnic conflict in the caucasus abstract. There can be no durable solution unless the root causes of the conflicts are addressed. Introduction our approach to the study of ethnic conflict is informed by one fundamental premise. It often involves systematic attacks on civilian populations and is therefore also the major source of most of the worlds 9. Explore the causes, the way each conflict began, unfolded, and was dealt with, and how or if it was resolved. Stefan wolff is professor of international security at the university of birmingham. A global perspective oxford university press, 2006 and ethnic conflict.
Ebooks are available as pdf, epub, kindle and plain text files, though not all titles are available in all formats. This study is significant because it will contribute to the understanding of the real causes of the conflict in order to. Malthus, the eminent economist says that reduced supply of the means of subsistence is the root cause of conflict. I investigate how ethnic differentiation might effect civil conflict. Stefan wolff find, read and cite all the research you need on. In section 4 i turn to the causes of large scale violence. This final criterion differentiates ethnic conflict from other forms of struggle. Numerous theories and much research attempts to explain the causes of ethnic conflict. The findings show that while the primary causes of ethnic conflict are non. Although the term war is sometimes used as a synonym for conflict, it is more usual to restrict the meaning of war to violent conflict, involving armed forces.
Search for common ground searchs research found that advocates of violence are in the minority, but are also increasing. According to him, conflict is caused by the increase of population in geometrical progression and the food supply in arithmetical progression. Solutions for moving beyond an ethnic conflict kuntzelman 83 cause of southern sudans current underdevelopment is rooted in this colonial history, as colonial preference was given to the arab regions of the north, where power and decisionmaking became centralized in the northern capital of khartoum. By contributing to understanding the varied and multiple causes of ethnic conflicts and to. Volumes on ethnic conflict have proliferated in recent years, with. Lake and rothschild also propose thirdparty intervention as a way to counter the discussed insecurities. It is difficult to resolve ethnic conflict due to the differences in issue and background. Ethnic based leadership instead of competencebased leadership hrc, 35 th special issue, p. While the source of the conflict may be political, social, economic or religious, the individuals in conflict must expressly fight for their ethnic groups position within society.
The causes of ethnic conflict in multiethnic societies. Since the end of the cold war, religion and ethnicity have been major causes of domestic conflict. Appendix i page 1 of 6 appendix i the root causes of the ethnic conflict in sri lanka1 background the ethnic conflict in sri lanka has many root causes and consequences that are closely interlinked. Ethnic conflict is the most common type of internal armed conflict in the world.
This paper addresses the root causes of the rwandan ethnic conflict from a historical point of view. He has written extensively on ethnic conflict and international conflict management, including ethnic conflict. Ethnic conflict causes, consequences, and responses the causes and resolutions of national and ethnic conflicts. In ethnic conflicts the goals of at least one party are defined in ethnic terms, and the conflict, its causes, and potential remedies are perceived along ethnic lines. The misdiagnosis of african conflicts as ethnic ignores the political nature of the. An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more rival ethnic groups. The impact of ethnic conflict on economic development. Encyclopedia of arkansas history and culture, little rock. Conflict usually occurs primarily as a result of a clash of interests in the relationship between parties, groups or states, either because they pursuing opposing or incompatible goals. Importantly, ethnic conflict has gained much attention since the end of the cold war. Conflict is a process in which one party suggests that its interests are being opposed by another party. The causes of ethnic conflicts byu scholarsarchive.
Using the diagram on the five styles of conflict, reflect on several of your recent marital conflicts. Write out your reflections on each on a separate sheet of paper. It also shows how processes of ethnic identification amplify the importance of political institutions and traces the effects of national status and perceived differences across ethnic groups. See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this. The model also incorporates a major concern in the analysis of religiousethnic con.
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